NSCF Certified Personal Trainer Exam 2025 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

Females tend to have lower cardiac outputs compared to males primarily due to the smaller relative heart size. The size of the heart directly influences its ability to pump blood. A smaller heart typically results in a lower stroke volume, which is the amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat. Consequently, this can lead to a reduced cardiac output, blending with variations in muscle mass, strength levels, and potential differences in blood volume.

The other options, while they may reflect different physiological traits, do not directly address the primary reason for the difference in cardiac output. For instance, metabolism rates are influenced by many factors, but they do not specifically account for the size and efficiency of the heart in relation to blood pumping capabilities. Similarly, body temperature does not play a significant role in determining cardiac output. While blood volume can affect cardiac output, the relative size of the heart is a more critical and straightforward explanation for the observed differences between genders in this regard.